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《對(duì)抗新冠病毒要關(guān)注物表消毒》

《今日感控》發(fā)表文章

Focus on Surface Disinfection When Fighting COVID-19

對(duì)抗新冠病毒要關(guān)注物表消毒（節(jié)選）

The perfect disinfectant or product for healthcare disinfection has not been introduced; however, there is a wide array of excellent disinfectants that offer a range of characteristics. As of March 10, 2020, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendation on disinfectant products for COVID-19 is to use an Environmental Protection Agency-registered disinfectant on List Non the EPA website that has qualified under the EPA’s emerging viral pathogensprogram for use against SARS-CoV-2.2-4

對(duì)于新冠病毒，官方機(jī)構(gòu)至今沒(méi)有公布完美的的醫(yī)用消毒劑或產(chǎn)品。但目前有許多優(yōu)秀的消毒產(chǎn)品可供選用。截至2020年3月10日,美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心(CDC)建議針對(duì)COVID-19的消毒產(chǎn)品是使用環(huán)保署EPA注冊(cè)的，在EPA網(wǎng)站上公布出來(lái)的符合新興病毒性病原體聲明的消毒劑。

The rationale for this recommendation is if disinfectants inactivate harder to inactivate microorganisms (e.g., mycobacteria, non-enveloped viruses) than coronaviruses, they should be expected to inactivate COVID-19. This logic is based on the recognition by the CDC4 and the EPA2 that certain microorganisms can be ranked with respect to their tolerance or resistance to chemical disinfectants (i.e., Spaulding classification model).

這一建議的基本原理是，如果消毒劑能夠滅活的微生物(如分枝桿菌、無(wú)包膜病毒)比冠狀病毒更難滅活，那么應(yīng)該期望消毒劑能夠滅活新冠病毒。這一邏輯是基于CDC和EPA的認(rèn)識(shí)，即某些微生物可以根據(jù)其對(duì)化學(xué)消毒劑的耐受性或耐藥性進(jìn)行排序(即，斯伯丁分類模型)。

With this approach, the most susceptible to most resistant tiers of microorganisms are: lipid (i.e., enveloped) or medium-sized viruses (e.g., coronaviruses); vegetative bacteria (e.g., S. aureus); fungi (e.g., Candida, Aspergillus); non-lipid (i.e., non-enveloped) or small viruses (e.g., poliovirus, rhinovirus); mycobacteria (e.g., M. tuberculosis); coccidia (Cryptosporidium); and the most resistant, spores (e.g., C. difficile).5

用這種方法，從容易殺滅到難以殺滅來(lái)排序：親脂病毒或中型病毒(例如冠狀病毒);細(xì)菌繁殖體(如金黃色葡萄球菌);真菌(如念珠菌、曲霉);親水病毒即非包膜病毒或小病毒(例如:脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒、鼻病毒);分枝桿菌(如結(jié)核分枝桿菌);最具抵抗力的是芽孢(如艱難梭菌等)

原文鏈接：
https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/covid-19/focus-surface-disinfection-when-fighting-covid-19

高水平消毒：殺滅一切細(xì)菌繁殖體包括分枝桿菌、病毒、真菌及其孢子和絕大多數(shù)細(xì)菌芽孢。

（次氯酸、次氯酸鈉等含氯制劑、二氧化氯、臭氧等）

中水平消毒：殺滅除細(xì)菌芽孢以外的各種病原微生物包括分枝桿菌。

（碘伏等碘類消毒劑、醇類、酚類等）

低水平消毒：能殺滅細(xì)菌繁殖體（分枝桿菌除外）和親脂病毒的化學(xué)消毒方法以及通風(fēng)換氣、沖洗等機(jī)械除菌法。

（季銨鹽、雙胍類等能殺滅細(xì)菌繁殖體（分枝桿菌除外）和親脂病毒的化學(xué)消毒方法以及通風(fēng)換氣、沖洗等機(jī)械除菌法。）

分類依據(jù)：中華人民共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)消毒技術(shù)規(guī)范》（WS/T 367-2012）